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PUBLISHED ONLINE: 12 JANUARY 2014 | DOI: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nclimate2087
Web End =10.1038/NCLIMATE2087
A quantitative evaluation of the public response to climate engineering
Malcolm J. Wright1,2*, Damon A. H. Teagle3 and Pamela M. Feetham4
Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continue to increase, with CO2 passing 400 parts per million in May 2013.
To avoid severe climate change and the attendant economic and social dislocation, existing energy efciency and emissions control initiatives may need support from some form of climate engineering. As climate engineering will be controversial, there is a pressing need to inform the public and understand their concerns before policy decisions are taken. So far, engagement has been exploratory, small-scale or technique-specic. We depart from past research to draw on the associative methods used by corporations to evaluate brands. A systematic, quantitative and comparative approach for evaluating public reaction to climate engineering is developed. Its application reveals that the overall public evaluation of climate engineering is negative. Where there are positive associations they favour carbon dioxide removal (CDR) over solar radiation management (SRM) techniques. Therefore, as SRM techniques become more widely known they are more likely to elicit negative reactions. Two climate engineering techniques, enhanced weathering and cloud brightening, have indistinct concept images and so are less likely to draw public attention than other CDR or SRM techniques.
The United Nations has sought carbon dioxide emissions controls to address the risks of climate change through the Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen Diagnosis. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that if average global surface temperatures rise more than 2 C above pre-industrial levels, the effects on the Earths eco-systems and species will be extensive1.
Average global surface temperatures have risen around 0.74 C in
the past one hundred years and a further rise of 0.6 C is believed inevitable2. Unless CO2 emissions are reduced by 50% before 2050, average global surface warming will exceed 2 C this century3. Present methods of mitigation and adaptation seem inadequate, as growth in atmospheric carbon dioxide continues unchecked47.
The failure of existing mitigation methods has led to investigation of alternative solutions including climate engineering, defined as deliberate large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment to counteract anthropogenic climate change4. CDR
technologies seek to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and include: afforestation;.
